Trastornos cardiometabólicos en personas con VIH en el interior de la Amazonia brasileña

Resumen

Introducción: La infección por VIH, junto con el uso de terapia antirretroviral (TAR), predispone a personas que viven con VIH (PVVIH) a desarrollar alteraciones metabólicas en la distribución de la grasa corporal y mayor riesgo cardiovascular (RCV). Objetivo: Analizar la relación entre el síndrome metabólico (SM), la dislipidemia, la lipodistrofia y el RCV con las características sociodemográficas y clínicas de las PVVIH en el interior de la Amazonia, Brasil. Métodos: Estudio transversal, compuesto por 115 PVVIH, atendidas en un Ambulatorio Especializado. Se buscó información sociodemográfica, clínica, de laboratorio, de composición corporal, así como la presencia de SM, dislipidemia, lipodistrofia y RCV. Los datos se analizaron mediante estadística descriptiva e inferencial, adoptando p<0,05. Resultados: Predominó el sexo masculino (59,1%), al igual que la dislipidemia (81,7%). Se observó que el 22,6% de las PVVIH tenía SM, el 37,4% lipodistrofia y el 8,7% RCV moderado. La edad ≥40 años se asoció con EM y lipodistrofia, y una mayor duración del uso de TAR se asoció con lipodistrofia (p<0,05). El tabaquismo y la lipodistrofia se asociaron con RCV moderado (p<0,05). Los valores alterados de perímetro abdominal, glucosa, c-LDL, c-HDL, índice de masa corporal y presión arterial se asociaron con EM (p<0,05). Conclusión: Según los datos, la alta frecuencia de PVVIH con dislipidemia, lipodistrofia y EM, así como la asociación de EM y lipodistrofia con RCV moderado, es preocupante. Por lo tanto, se enfatiza la necesidad de monitoreo continuo e intervenciones asertivas para prevenir la aparición o el empeoramiento de enfermedades cardiometabólicas en esta población.

Palabras clave: VIH, Factores de riesgo de enfermedad cardiaca, Síndrome metabólico, Lipodistrofia, Dislipidemias

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Biografía del autor/a

Luiz Fernando Gouvea-e-Silva,

http://lattes.cnpq.br/2109467799397782

Lívia Garcia Silva Sousa,

http://lattes.cnpq.br/2610000639728202

Talys Francisco Modesto Filho,

http://lattes.cnpq.br/4263879851541384

Maria Rita Ribeiro Aniceto,

http://lattes.cnpq.br/4471996108642896

Silvania Yukiko Lins Takanashi,

http://lattes.cnpq.br/8129687213854509

Marília Brasil Xavier,

http://lattes.cnpq.br/0548879430701901

Publicado
2025-10-01
Cómo citar
Gouvea-e-Silva, L. F., Sousa, L. G. S., Modesto Filho, T. F., Aniceto, M. R. R., Takanashi, S. Y. L., & Xavier, M. B. (2025). Trastornos cardiometabólicos en personas con VIH en el interior de la Amazonia brasileña. Lecturas: Educación Física Y Deportes, 30(329), 77-94. https://doi.org/10.46642/efd.v30i329.8365
Sección
Artículos de Investigación