Reabilitação cardíaca na sarcopenia grave: um estudo de caso
Resumo
Introdução: A sarcopenia é uma doença muscular de natureza multifatorial e sistêmica, caracterizada pela perda progressiva de força e massa muscular, na qual ocasiona impactos na funcionalidade, aumento do risco de fragilidade e mortalidade a longo prazo. Sabe-se que a cirurgia cardíaca ocasiona uma resposta inflamatória sistêmica associada à sarcopenia. Objetivo: Relatar e avaliar a eficácia de um programa de reabilitação cardíaca (Fase 2) em um paciente no pós-operatório de cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio com sarcopenia grave do Serviço de Reabilitação Cardíaca do Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Método: Trata-se de um estudo de caso de um paciente do sexo masculino, 63 anos, com diagnóstico de sarcopenia grave no âmbito de um programa de reabilitação cardíaca. Os desfechos avaliados foram: capacidade funcional (teste de caminhada de seis minutos), espessura muscular (ultrassonografia), resistência muscular periférica (força de preensão palmar e teste de sentar e levantar de 1 minuto) e qualidade de vida (Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire). Resultados: Paciente foi inserido no programa, composto por exercício aeróbico e de resistência adicionado a estimulação elétrica funcional, realizado duas vezes por semana durante 12 semanas. Após o término, constatou-se melhora em todos os desfechos demonstrando a efetividade do programa de reabilitação. Conclusão: Os achados ratificam a efetividade da reabilitação cardíaca em pacientes com sarcopenia grave pós cirurgia cardíaca, assim como demonstram a importância do rastreio precoce e intervenção dessa condição, mesmo em pacientes não idosos, no cenário da reabilitação cardíaca.
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