Efecto de las termoterapias asociadas con el estiramiento de los isquiotibiales sobre el torque máximo: ensayo clínico aleatorizado
Resumen
Introducción: El estiramiento es una estrategia eficaz, utilizada principalmente para reducir la rigidez muscular y aumentar la flexibilidad y el rango de movimiento. Objetivo: Comparar los efectos de diferentes modalidades de termoterapia asociadas con el estiramiento estático sobre el torque máximo (TM) de los músculos flexores de la rodilla. Métodos: Este estudio comparó una muestra de 34 hombres sanos, con edades entre 20 y 30 años, con rango de movimiento (RDM) activo de la rodilla ≤160 grados. Se sometieron a tres sesiones de estiramiento estático de isquiotibiales con o sin la modalidad de termoterapia. El orden de las intervenciones fue aleatorizado a uno de los grupos: estiramiento aislado (EA), estiramiento en caliente (EC) y estiramiento en frío (EF). Los TM concéntricos y excéntricos se evaluaron antes y después de la intervención. Resultados: Comparando el TM entre las diferentes modalidades, hubo una disminución significativa en el TM excéntrico y concéntrico de los músculos flexores de la rodilla en el EA, en el TM excéntrico de los músculos flexores de la rodilla en el EC y en el TM excéntrico y concéntrico de los flexores de rodilla en los grupos EF. Conclusión: Independientemente del uso de la termoterapia, una sola sesión de estiramiento estático resultó en una disminución del TM de los músculos flexores de la rodilla. Probablemente esto se deba a los efectos del estiramiento, como la alteración inmediata del componente elástico de la unidad musculotendinosa, lo que conduce a un déficit en la producción aguda de fuerza.
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