Motivaciones y restricciones para la práctica de juegos electrónicos: una revisión de alcance
Resumen
El objetivo de esta revisión de alcance fue mapear la literatura científica existente sobre la relación entre motivaciones y restricciones para la práctica de juegos digitales y esports, caracterizando los perfiles de los estudios, identificando los temas y tensiones predominantes, y examinando en qué medida su interacción ha sido teorizada e investigada empíricamente. Siguiendo el marco de Arksey y O'Malley y las directrices PRISMA-ScR, una búsqueda en las bases EBSCO, SCOPUS y Web of Science identificó 38 estudios elegibles, publicados entre 1985 y 2025. Los hallazgos revelan un profundo desequilibrio estructural y teórico: la investigación se orienta mayoritariamente hacia los factores motivacionales de atracción (76,3 %), mientras que las restricciones permanecen críticamente poco estudiadas (13,2 %). Los estudios integradores (10,5 %) demuestran que, aunque las motivaciones intrínsecas pueden mitigar barreras logísticas, las restricciones psicosociales y simbólicas profundas, arraigadas en la exclusión identitaria y el estigma social, se imponen de forma consistente sobre la motivación, desencadenando la desvinculación o costos afectivos severos. Esta revisión pone de manifiesto las limitaciones teóricas de los modelos psicológicos aislados y aboga por marcos integradores y sensibles a la dimensión sociocultural, capaces de comprender las motivaciones y las restricciones como dinámicas interdependientes de la experiencia situada de jugar.
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