Reabilitação cardíaca na sarcopenia grave: um estudo de caso

Rafaela Bassan Bortoluzzi; Viviane Bohrer Berni; Marlusse Silveira; Isabella Martins de Albuquerque

doi:10.46642/efd.v30i328.8374

Rafaela Bassan Bortoluzzi Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4184-2122
Viviane Bohrer Berni Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5230-5824
Marlusse Silveira Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7222-028X
Isabella Martins de Albuquerque Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7256-1881

DOI: https://doi.org/10.46642/efd.v30i328.8374

Resumen

Introducción: La sarcopenia es una enfermedad muscular multifactorial y sistémica caracterizada por la pérdida progresiva de fuerza y masa muscular, que impacta la funcionalidad, aumenta el riesgo de fragilidad y aumenta la mortalidad. Se sabe que la cirugía cardíaca desencadena una respuesta inflamatoria sistémica asociada con la sarcopenia. Objetivo: Informar y evaluar la efectividad de un programa de rehabilitación cardíaca (Fase 2) en un paciente con sarcopenia severa después de una cirugía de injerto de derivación de la arteria coronaria en el Servicio de Rehabilitación Cardíaca del Hospital Universitario de Santa María, Rio Grande do Sul. Método: Estudio de caso de paciente masculino de 63 años diagnosticado con sarcopenia severa como parte de un programa de rehabilitación cardíaca. Los resultados evaluados fueron: capacidad funcional (prueba de caminata de seis minutos), grosor muscular (ultrasonido), resistencia muscular periférica (fuerza de prensión manual y prueba de sentarse y levantarse de 1 minuto) y calidad de vida (Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire). Resultados: El paciente se inscribió en el programa, que consistió en ejercicios aeróbicos y de resistencia combinados con estimulación eléctrica funcional, dos veces por semana, 12 semanas. Tras su finalización, se observaron mejoras en todos los resultados, lo que demuestra la eficacia del programa. Conclusión: Los hallazgos confirman la eficacia de la rehabilitación cardíaca en pacientes con sarcopenia grave tras cirugía cardíaca, y demuestran la importancia de la detección temprana y la intervención para esta afección, incluso en pacientes que no son personas mayores, en el contexto de la rehabilitación cardíaca.

Palabras clave: Relato de caso, Rehabilitación cardíaca, Sarcopenia

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