Efectos del entrenamiento de fuerza en la salud de niños y adolescentes
Resumen
Es bien conocido el uso del entrenamiento de fuerza como herramienta pedagógica para mejorar la salud y la calidad de vida. Sin embargo, su aplicación con niños y adolescentes aún genera discusiones. Así, este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar la producción científica sobre los efectos del entrenamiento de resistencia en la salud de niños y adolescentes. Se trata de una revisión integradora realizada en las bases de datos electrónicas PubMED, Scielo, Science Direct y Google Scholar, con estudios originales y de revisión publicados entre 2013 y 2023. Se seleccionaron 15 estudios de revisión y 10 artículos originales. Los resultados apuntan a una mejora de la condición física relacionada con la salud, control de trastornos metabólicos y obesidad infantil, efecto cardioprotector, promoción de la salud mental y hábitos saludables. Se destaca la escasa producción científica con poblaciones infantiles y juveniles con necesidades específicas (intelectuales, emocionales y físicas), así como la necesidad de un seguimiento profesional calificado y la importancia de insertar el entrenamiento de resistencia en el ámbito escolar. Se concluye que el entrenamiento de resistencia, cuando supervisado por un profesional adecuado, es capaz de promover la mejora de la salud y la calidad de vida de niños y adolescentes, influyendo en la salud física, metabólica y mental a través de la adopción de hábitos saludables.
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Derechos de autor 2023 Lecturas: Educación Física y Deportes
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